[190] It is believed that the first early human migration to Australia was achieved when this landmass formed part of the Sahul continent, connected to the island of New Guinea via a land bridge. Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: Colonial languages include English in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and many other territories; French in New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna; Japanese in the Bonin Islands;[64] and Spanish on Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands. [373] Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. Countries of Oceania Map Quiz. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. Fogg defined Polynesia as covering the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as the Ryukyu Islands. There are thus six great divisions of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. [226], Australia and New Zealand became dominions in the 20th century, adopting the Statute of Westminster Act in 1942 and 1947 respectively. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. The Americas a. The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Japanese archipelago, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the Aleutian Islands and other Alaskan or Canadian islands. [331][332] Auckland is home to over half (51.6 percent) of New Zealand's overseas born population, including 72 percent of the country's Pacific Island-born population, 64 percent of its Asian-born population, and 56 percent of its Middle Eastern and African born population. Australia and New Zealand, along with other countries, are members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the East Asia Summit (EAS), which may become trade blocs in the future particularly EAS. Inherent to their remoteness and because of the wide variety of island types, the Pacific Islands have developed unique social, biological and geological characteristics." New #sharkscience by @FloriaanDD and authors conduct the first #global assessment of population structure of the #bullshark To learn more-> 28 Feb 2023 04:01:34 In 1519, a Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan sailed down the east coast of South America, found and sailed through the strait that bears his name and on 28 November 1520 entered the ocean which he named "Pacific". There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. Less than 1% of the world's population inhabits the continent and almost half of its approximately 36.5 million inhabitants live on Australia's southeastern coast. Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. Styles such as slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. 1. [413] New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, Waitangi Day and ANZAC Day, and also celebrates many holidays such as the Queen's Birthday, Labour Day, and Christmas Day, as well as public anniversaries of the founding dates of most regions. [281] November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. Subregions in Oceania. [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. With a population of about 32 million, Oceania is a predominantly urban region. [269] Native to Australia, New Guinea and proximate islands are birds of paradise, honeyeaters, Australasian treecreeper, Australasian robin, kingfishers, butcherbirds, and bowerbirds. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. Disagreements between the US, Germany and UK over Samoa led to the Tripartite Convention of 1899. Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the kiwi, kea, takah, kakapo, mohua, t, and the bellbird. As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. The current population of Oceania is 44,124,398 as of Friday, February 24, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. Tropical 4. [85] Publication Missionary Review of the World claimed in 1895 that Oceania was divided up into five groups; Australasia, Malesia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." [66][113] Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong. Oceania, collective name for the islands scattered throughout most of the Pacific Ocean. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. [457] These included a 310 defeat of American Samoa by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport. Oceania's subregions of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the Indo-Australian Plate) and the Pacific Plate, in addition to two minor plates; the Nazca Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. With migrants comprising approximately 22 per cent of the population, the region far outstrips global averages. Tongan, English. Another dance performed by males is called the fa'ataupati or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. It is flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Southern Ocean to the south. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). Encompassing the two most highly populated countries in the world - China and India - Asia is by far the largest of the continents, with a total population of over 4.5 billion people. Part 1: Australia and Oceania, German herpetologist Klaus Henle referred to the area as the Pacific region, and defined it as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The population of Oceania ranges between 2.8 and 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometer. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. The global sex ratio in the world was approximately 1,016 males to 1,000 females as of 2022. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. One surviving ship led by Juan Sebastin Elcano returned west across the Indian Ocean and the other went north in the hope of finding the westerlies and reaching Mexico. [406][407] Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian coffee culture, and the influence of Asian cultures has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the Chinese-inspired dim sim and Chiko Roll. [69] Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [139] In the 2006 book Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds, American paleontologist David Steadman wrote, "no place on earth is as perplexing as the 25,000 islands that make Oceania." Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Fiji. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. [12] Puncak Jaya in Highland Papua, Indonesia, is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884m (16,024ft). [381], New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy,[382] although its constitution is not codified. The Samoan word for dance is siva, which consists of unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tell a story. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution. [409] The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic and animistic, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [96] Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's Pribilof Islands (located to the north of the Aleutian chain in the subarctic Bering Sea) and China's Hainan (located in the South China Sea). In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the bird song was deafening. Between c. 3000 and 1000 BCE, speakers of Austronesian languages began spreading from Taiwan into Island South-East Asia,[200][201][202] as tribes whose natives were thought to have arrived through South China c. 8,000 years ago to the edges of western Micronesia and on into Melanesia. Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. Updates? It should be remarked that if we take the Malay archipelago away from Oceania, as do generally the German geographers, the insular world contained in the great ocean is cut in two, and the least populated of the five parts of the world is diminished in order to increase the number of inhabitants of the most densely populated continent. In the financial year 2014/15, tourism represented 3% of Australia's GDP contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy. Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru and Palau all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness. Almost 13,000 Portuguese immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the sugarcane plantations. Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). The human group that inhabits the continentis extremely varied in its customs and cultures, exhibiting an interesting diversity despite its very low population density rate. Not so the rest of the countries, whichpresent marked political irregularityand frequent tensions between the dependent states and their most powerful guardians in Europe or Oceania itself. Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture sector. Today the continenthas a series of independent countries, some of them since the 19th century (the British colonies, above all) and others much later, in the mid-20th century. 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