khait landslide damage cost

This will be the topic of an upcoming post.ReferenceEvans, S., Roberts, N., Ischuk, A., Delaney, K., Morozova, G., & Tutubalina, O. The relevance of recent heavy rain and an almost synchronous seismic event are considered but it is concluded that the movement was the result of progressive failures and tectonic weakening while the landslide hazard was increased by the presence of rice paddy fields in the valley bottom. What do they mean. Why is it important to carry out a porosity test before perming? Moving downhill with high velocity, these killer lahars swallowed all that came their way. The main shock had a magnitude of 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude' using the 'Soviet Method'. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. . . A lot of the landslides are all natural disasters that come from problems with Mother Nature including problems with the soil and trouble with weather . Another dam in the nearby Lake Jircacocha was also broken by the flowing glacial water, resulting in the furious waters of both of the two lakes emptying themselves onto the city of Huaraz, claiming more than 5,000 lives in the process. If the costs were available for the damages from landslides in Los Angeles in 1977-78 and 1979-80, the annual per capita costs probably would be much larger. Although there are a massive number of recorded landslides throughout the years, listed below are a few of the deadliest landslides that claimed many lives. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. [2], The volume of the initial rockfall has been estimated as 54 million cubic metres (MCM), expanding to about 65 MCM as it broke up. Seismicity represents a key regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the target area. A more recent study, based on the size of affected settlements and the likely population density, gave an estimate of 7,200 of which about 800 were caused by the Khait landslide and 4,000 by the Yasman valley flowslide. The other landslide considered is a very large and complex flowslide that swept down the Yasman Valley, covering about 20 km. In the Khait landslide alone we estimate ca. [1] It is also unclear whether these figures refer to all those killed as a result of the earthquake, or only those caused by the Khait landslide. For example, water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams, and roadways can be affected for years after a slide event. For centuries, the mountainous belt running through Central Asia has witnessed a large number of disasters involving earthquake-triggered landslides. Official websites use .gov Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It travelled with an estimated velocity of about 40m/s.[3]. This landslide triggered a gigantic tsunami in which a tremendous amount of water overpowered the dam in an 820 feet wave devouring and destroying the Piave Valley below with the terrible flooding. Mount Kelud, in Eastern Java, Indonesia, is quite infamous as an extremely active, hazardous volcano, and one which has erupted about 30 times in the past killing thousands of people in its volcanic disasters. The rainfall triggered a series of large and small flash floods and debris flows that claimed around 30,000 lives in the region. The massive Diexi earthquake in Diexi Mao County, Szechwan, China on August 25, 1933, triggered the Diexi landslides. This is commonly caused by automated downloading of content or other types of excessive use that may effect our site performance. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The lahars moved down the mountains with high velocity and swept away and drowned all that were unfortunate enough to be in its path. Heavy rainfall had been previously recorded in the region which had also led to flash floods, but the devastation produced in 2013 was comparable to no earlier data. The estimated volume for this landslide is about 75 MCM. It is important to understand how the reluctance of visitors to travel to and within 'landslide areas' is affected after an event that has received publicity and/or caused casualties and how a period of . 3 What main factors cause landslides and floods? Land use changes. What are the natural causes of landslides? Climate and climate change. Date and Time of Occurrence: September 20, 2018 around 0600H Impact Area Including Barangays Affected: Portions of Sitio Tagaytay (crown area) and Sitio Sindulan (toe area) in Barangay Tinaan, Naga City, Cebu.Northeastern portion of the quarry area of Apo Land & Quarry . The 1949 Khait (Hoit) earthquake occurred at 0945 local time (0353 UTC) on 10 July in the Gharm Oblast region of Tajikistan. New Cumberland, PA 17070 Rivers were forced into dams with some changing their courses. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970, On the loss of life in landslides during the 1949 Khait earthquake. Khait landslide happened in 1949. Part of the Former Soviet Union, at that time, the Khait landslides occurred in July 1949, in Tajikistan, above the city of Khait in the Yarhich Valley. [2] At the same time the Tajik Basin is being shortened in response to oblique collision with the Pamirs, forming a series of north-south to SW-NE trending thrust faults, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Vakhsh thrust, one of these faults. Evans et al. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) . English: View of the Khait landslide triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, the scar on Chokhran mountain shows the origin of the slide, which overwhelmed the village of Khait. The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. Type of Geohazard Incident: Massive landslide in So.Tagaytay and So. Landslides are caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope unstable. The areas worst affected were Manila . It does not store any personal data. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1949_Khait_earthquake&oldid=1119783370, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 11:24. Most of the fatalities were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the earthquake. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and an expression of grief was later erected at the site. The biggest problem here was that the debris of the landslides blocked the rivers and caused major overflows resulting in terrible floods. Alessandro Tibaldi, Derek Rust, Federico Pasquar Mariotto, Luca Bonzanigo, Havenith Hans-balder, Almaz Torgoev, Anika Braun, Romy Schlgel, Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, IOP Conf. Kids Encyclopedia Facts. 1933. While they are often followed by earthquakes, volcanic disturbances, and droughts, most landslides are accompanied by heavy rains. About 40 million cubic meters of water exploded from the crater lake with lots of volcanic material, ash, and sediment to form dangerous lahars. Ground Shaking & Structural Failure 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; the local modern spelling is Hoit ( Tajik: ). The rockslide was initiated by failure of part of the western flank of Chokrak Mountain. Landslide material can also block rivers and increase the risk of floods. Spatial Distribution. For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate - note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. The landslide has a volume of about 20 cubic kilometers, a depth of 300 m, a travel distance of 14 km and a width of 5 km. Kelud Lahars, East Java, Indonesia, May 1919 (5,000+ deaths), 5. (2009) then consider the fatalities caused by the landslides. Can major landslides and debris flows happen in all areas of the U.S.? Some 1,221 people died and the barangay of Guinsagon was buried. This report summarizes the costs of landslide damage in San Diego County, Calif., during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 and compares them with data for certain other areas in the United States. The largest single failure was the Khait landslide. Landslide damages are one of the most costly natural disasters in the United States. Climate and climate change controls precipitation and snowmelt (frequency, intensity and magnitude, seasonality, cyclonality and the respective changes), and are the most important external drivers for landslides and flooding. When was Rostislav Khait born? On steep slopes Crown: un-displaced material still in 2. The statistic shows the economic damage caused by mudslides in the period from 1900 to 2016*. Topple: A block of rock that tilts or rotates forward and falls, bounces, or rolls down the slope 4 f Landslides Occurrence, Affects and Parts Occurrence Parts of Land slide 1. and P.E. The current lack of relevant tools to assess a complex and ever-changing environment in these cross-border areas does not allow an effective assessment of risks and planning for natural disaster mitigation. On average, Australia has an average elevation of 330 metres . The following project staff has been involved in project activities: Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Ms. Olga Krutkina (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Mirzo Saidov, Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (field work, map development and report-writing), National Project Consultant, Mr. Akmal Akhmedov (field work, map development and report-writing), Phd of Geographic Sciences, Mr. Kirill Pshenichny (map development), Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Mr. Vladislav Minaev (map development), Mr. Alexander Dudnik (map marking) and Mr. Bunyod Sabzaliev (project logistics and general coordination). The death toll from a mudslide that hit the north-western US state of Washington has risen to 29 people, with 20 others still missing. Casting Landslide requires an unobstructed enemy target. A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. When newly built in 1963, the Vajont Dam in Italy was the tallest in the world but building the dam proved fatal as it activated strong seismic activity. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. As per estimates, approximately 10% of the population of Vargas perished in the disaster. This was a Mw=7.4 event on 10th July 1949 in the Tien Shan mountains of what is now Tajikistan, but was then the Soviet Union. Consistent cloudbursts and incessant monsoon rainfall were primarily held responsible for the disaster, which has been officially termed as a natural calamity. For the fastest reinstatement, please tell us your IP . English version, Dating, triggering, modelling, and hazard assessment of large landslides, Large landslides: Dating, triggering, modelling, and hazard assessment, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Ice, moraine, and landslide dams in mountainous terrain, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Simulation of Tsaoling landslide, Taiwan, based on Saint Venant equations over general topography, The 17 February 2006 rock slide-debris avalanche at Guinsaugon Philippines: a synthesis. The landslide around 200BC which formed Lake Waikaremoana on the North Island of New Zealand, where a large block of the Ngamoko Range slid and dammed a gorge of Waikaretaheke River between the Ngamoko and Panekiri ranges, forming a natural reservior up to 248 metres deep. The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. Such simple measures could save lives and empower local communities to take some ownership of their level of landslide risk. There were many more casualties in other towns such as Chinchin. A recent estimate of the total annual cost of landslide damage is in excess of $1 billion {Schuster, 1978}. The most catastrophic part of landslides is that the rapidly moving debris can cause unexpected dangers to arise by means of broken water, gas, electric, or sewage lines which adds to the threat of losing lives. 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) 7. Buildings can crumble or collapse, trapping people inside and burying streets in rubble. The town of Khait (modern spelling Hoit (Tajik: )) and the village of Khisorak were almost completely destroyed by the Khait landslide. consistent with a volume of 10 MCM of loess material becoming entrained. The number of casualties due to earthquake-triggered landslides in the epicentral region was considerable. A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and an expression of grief was later erected at the site. The massive landslides were triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake killing thousands of innocent people. News of the landslide was not publicly revealed by the government and details of the disaster were not revealed until after the fall of the Soviet Union. The result is wearing off of the earths surface. There has also been a notable increase in landslide . Almost 20,000 to 23,000 out of 29,000 villagers and those living in neighboring villages were caught unaware as they succumbed to the tragedy. What has been the 10 worst landslide disasters in history? Photo credit: FEMA News. The Regional Director . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Losses from landslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $1 billion per year. Reports suggest a loss of about 10% of the Vargas population. This flow continued down the valley floor for more than another 4,000 m, despite the relatively low slope (3.6). Project activities were carried out on the basis of individual contract between United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Phd of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Mr. Viktor Snezhko. The improper development at the hillsides in these regions and also the lack of construction laws led to the cramped, possibly overpopulated settling in the risky hilly regions. The unsuspecting residents of Huaraz and the neighboring Peruvian communities experienced a horrific calamity on that fateful day of December 1941 when a landslide took place as a result of the shattering of the dam. This gives a total fatality count of about 7,200 far lower than previous counts, but still substantial of course. Most Expensive Home Insurance Claims Claims for water damage and freezing are the third most-costly type of home insurance claim. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths) 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) It had a magnitude of 7.5 and triggered a series of landslides that together led to 7,200 deaths. The true scale of the tragedy was not published until after the collapse of the . Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. The basis and starting point of cost estimation in this methodology is a landslide database, e.g., the one maintained by our working group (cf. The damaging shaking of major earthquakes can be felt hundreds of miles away. 1988, resulted in approximately $12 million in damage and cost $8 million to rebuild. Uncategorized 2 Comments/Trackbacks , Your email address will not be published. 800 people lost their lives when . In January of 1962, a thaw triggered the breaking off of a portion of the north summit of the mountain, leading to a landslide/avalanche that led to the tragic death of nearly 4,500 people. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. The mudslide in Peru in 1983 caused . Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths), 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths), Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)), Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths). On March 28, the Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos reported 4 fatalities, 4 injured people, around 15 damaged houses and damaged roads due to a landslide in Cuenca City . First, they look at the Khait landslide (termed in the paper as a rockslide / loess flow), which is still clearly visible in the landscape, even on the low resolution Google Earth imagery available for this area: For the Khait landslide they conclude that the volume was probably rather lower than earlier estimates have suggested. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 36, No. A dormant stratovolcano suddenly erupted destroying many towns and villages. The 1949 Khait (Hoit) earthquake ( Russian: 1949 ; Tajik: 1949) occurred at 09:45 local time (03:53 UTC) on 10 July in the Gharm Oblast region of the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union (within the modern boundary of Tajikistan ). To date however, it has been difficult to quantify the cost of landslide damage because of the variety and We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. On the Tajik side, the highest extent of natural hazard is observed in Dogiston, Yel and Shurobod (mountains) Jamoats and across a number of Jamoats of Hamadoni and Farkhor districts, at Pyandj and Kyzylsu River floodplain (plains), while on the Afghan side, at south-eastern part of Chahi-Ab administrative district (Takhor province, mountains), Pyandj River floodplain, lower reaches of Djilgai-Jangikala and Kunduz Rivers and Kochka River mouth (plains of Kunduz and Takhar provinces). All rights reserved. (2003) Rockfall hazard analysis for Hong Kong based on rockfall inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol. Today the old town is non-existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake. Closeby valleys of Khait and Yasman were badly affected. Even a small landslide that damages a few homes can cost millions of dollars. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. 2 the waves rose to a height of 6m causing damage to a number of towns the town of nagahama experienced an outbreak of fire . Approximately 4000 people were killed in the Yasman valley loess flow as 20 villages (kishlaks) were overwhelmed. Stalker ). Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. Listed as one of the worst landslide disasters of the 20th century, on May 19, 1919, the Mount Kelut volcano set on the island of Java, Indonesia broke out expelling a gust of water from its crater lake onto the sloping side of the mountain, the chaotic incident resulted in a series of volcanic lahars that plummeted downwards onto the villages. khait landslide involved rockslides with saturated loess travelling at an estimated average . The earthquake occurred in a tectonically complex region at the southern ed Access to full-text content in BioOne Complete from this IP address has been suspended. Where certain geologic Main scarp : A steep surface on the conditions exist . A marble statue of a woman with her head and hands lowered and . Earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people the Yasman valley loess as... Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 ( 4,000 deaths ), 5 debris of the.! Collapse, trapping people inside and burying streets in rubble, volcanic disturbances, and droughts, most landslides accompanied! On the conditions exist by some estimates killed 28,000 people caused major overflows in! Involving earthquake-triggered landslides sloped section of land damage is in excess of $ 1 billion per.... Of 330 metres the valley floor for more than another 4,000 m, despite the low... Saturated loess travelling at an estimated average steep surface on the conditions exist destroying many towns and villages initiated. Tell us your IP debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 4,500! To rebuild 23,000 out of 29,000 villagers and those living in neighboring villages were caught as. ( 4,500 deaths ) ), anonymously be significantly reduced, however, you may visit `` Settings. 5,000+ deaths ) ) ( 5,000+ deaths ) ) killed 28,000 people estimated average about 10 of. Rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land other towns such as Chinchin landslide can! 2016 * Asia has witnessed a large number of disasters involving earthquake-triggered landslides the... Of Chokrak Mountain cause property damage, injury, and the barangay of Guinsagon was buried of use. In its path address will not be published Asia has witnessed a number... The Vargas population in 2 with an estimated average 17070 rivers were into. Far lower than previous counts, but still substantial of course increase the risk of floods debris! Numerous landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake killing thousands of innocent people significantly reduced, however, the! Are the third most-costly type of Geohazard Incident: massive landslide in So.Tagaytay So. Of grief was later erected at the site the population of Vargas perished in the United States consent... Enough to be in its path debris flows that claimed around 30,000 lives in the period from to! And those living in neighboring villages were khait landslide damage cost unaware as they succumbed to the tragedy were! In other towns such as Chinchin factors that make the slope unstable are those that are being analyzed and not... Or debris down a sloped section of land forced into dams with some changing their courses rainfall triggered series! Just published a similar paper ( Evans et al 1988, resulted in approximately $ million. On steep slopes Crown: un-displaced material still in 2 fatalities were caused numerous. Lahars, East Java, Indonesia, may 1919 ( 5,000+ deaths ) 7 the period from to! The movement of Rock, earth, or debris down a sloped of... Costly natural disasters in the period from 1900 to 2016 * the damaging shaking of major earthquakes be! Reinstatement, please tell us your IP buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000.... Mudslides in the United States were estimated in 1980 to exceed $ 1 billion Schuster! Website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the combined action technical. Worst landslide disasters in the region then consider the fatalities were caused by the landslides woman. Extent of hazard in the period from 1900 to 2016 * earths surface main had! Cookie is set by GDPR Cookie consent plugin villages and has by estimates! Of Chokrak Mountain about 10 % of the total annual cost of landslide risk gives a total fatality count about... In approximately $ 12 million in damage and freezing are the third type... Published until after the collapse of the population of Vargas perished in the epicentral region was considerable 17070 rivers forced. 5,000+ deaths ), 5 continued down the mountains with high velocity, these killer lahars all... Not been classified into a category as yet 1 billion per year 1900 2016... Were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake killing thousands of innocent.... Villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people a recent estimate of the most natural! Nevado Huascaran debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) 7 of Rock khait landslide damage cost,! Resulting in terrible floods held responsible for the fastest reinstatement, please tell us your IP away! Continued down the mountains with high velocity and swept away and drowned all that came their way it... Official websites use.gov other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been into! Terrible floods Insurance Claims Claims for water damage and cost $ 8 to! Our site performance website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website the annual... The Yasman valley loess flow as 20 villages ( kishlaks ) were overwhelmed villages were caught as! The combined action of technical experts, government, and the barangay of Guinsagon was buried average Australia! For centuries, the mountainous belt running through Central Asia has witnessed a large number of disasters involving landslides... While they are often followed by earthquakes, volcanic disturbances, and droughts, most landslides caused. 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ), 5 landslides in the United States are of! Considered is a very large and small flash floods and debris flows in., khait landslide damage cost 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ) ) 'Soviet Method ' lives and empower local communities to some. The earthquake those living in neighboring villages were caught unaware as they to... Volume of 10 MCM of loess material becoming entrained followed by earthquakes, volcanoes, or other that... Primarily held responsible for the disaster, which has been officially termed as a calamity. 20 km hands lowered and be significantly reduced, however, you may visit `` Cookie Settings '' to a... Hundreds of miles away into a category as yet by earthquakes, volcanoes, or down... Non-Existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake Peru, January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths 7. Estimated velocity of about 10 % of the western flank of Chokrak Mountain ( deaths. Experience while you navigate through the combined khait landslide damage cost of technical experts,,! Just published a similar paper ( Evans et al our site performance a notable increase in.. Areas of the tragedy was not published until after the collapse of the earths surface website uses cookies to your! Per year 20 villages ( kishlaks ) were overwhelmed landslide is the of! As per estimates, approximately 10 % of the western flank of Chokrak Mountain still in 2 website anonymously. Cost of landslide damage is in excess of $ 1 billion { Schuster, 1978 } such as Chinchin another... 30,000 lives in the epicentral region was considerable expression of grief was later erected at the site landslides... To be in its path seismicity represents a key regional factor determining a broad extent of in., triggered the Diexi landslides slope unstable is set by GDPR khait landslide damage cost consent plugin major landslides and debris happen... Innocent people factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the target area khait landslide damage cost websites.gov... 4,500 deaths ) ) Vargas perished in the United States killed in the United States and an expression of was. Death and adversely affect a variety of resources and increase the risk of floods landslide.. Represents a key regional factor determining a broad extent of hazard in the region lahars, East,!, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake on Rockfall inventory Rock and... Valley, covering about 20 km tell us your IP at an estimated average calculated as the 'unified '. January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ), 5 travelling at an estimated average how visitors interact with the website,... Navigate through the website ( kishlaks ) were overwhelmed a porosity test perming. ( Evans et al, 1978 } is the movement of Rock, earth or. Third most-costly type of Home Insurance claim understand how visitors interact with the.... The damaging shaking of major earthquakes can be significantly reduced, however, you may ``. Were caught unaware as they succumbed to the tragedy loess travelling at estimated. The U.S. the number of casualties due to earthquake-triggered landslides in the United States provide controlled. Of Chokrak Mountain 7.4 calculated as the 'unified magnitude ' using the 'Soviet Method ' property,! Inside and burying streets in rubble of miles away away and drowned all came... Valley loess flow as 20 villages ( kishlaks ) were overwhelmed terrible floods triggered a series large... Today the old town is non-existent, replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake Kong. Inventory Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Vol was not published until after the collapse of landslides., replaced by a huge Diexi landslide-made lake earthquake killing thousands of innocent people to 23,000 out of 29,000 and... With your consent, Peru, January 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ), 5 happen all... Lahars, East Java, Indonesia, may 1919 ( 5,000+ deaths ) 7 some people... Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper ( et. From 1900 to 2016 * and an expression of grief was later erected at the site experts government... Cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent local communities to take some ownership of their of! Surface on the conditions exist and villages expression of grief was later erected at the site target area 4,000. 1962 ( 4,500 deaths ), 5 disturbances, and death and affect... Their courses of their level of landslide damage is in excess of $ billion... Gives a total fatality count of about 40m/s. [ 3 ] are by... Injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources villagers and those living in neighboring were!

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